Second, the mount of cost difference between the two systems can be explained systematically. Common represents 98 percent of volume-as measured by direct labor hours-so the traditional system assigns Common 98 percent of all overhead, including batch- and product-level costs. The activity detail in การแสดงที่ 13-2 Suggest that Common is responsible for only 50 percent of batch-level activity (12 of the 20 design changes). As a result, the traditional system contains cost distortions equal to 48 percent (98% - 50%) of batch-level costs and 38 percent (98% - 60%) of product-level costs. The costs of Common from the two systems can be reconciled follows: