‘‘CPA firms, their managing partners who determine
firm values and policies, their audit supervisors
perhaps vying to maximize engagement profitability
in their quest for a partner appointment, and individual
employees who are unsure where the ethical
lines of an audit should be drawn all face normative
and instrumental choices as they make audit-related
decisions in a fiercely competitive marketplace
(Imhoff, 2003).’’ Beasley and Hermanson (2004,
p. 12) note that under these present conditions ‘‘top
managers and other employees can rationalize certain
questionable behaviors that subsequently escalate
into outright fraud.’’ They cite a number of
‘‘gray zone’’ behaviors that are ‘‘not completely
acceptable, but not clearly inappropriate’’ that range
from boosting revenues through special payment
terms to ‘‘pressuring customers to accept orders
before the end of an accounting period, bill and hold
schemes, private side agreements, and even booking
revenues that do not exist (Beasley and Hermanson,
2004, p. 12)’’
‘‘CPA firms, their managing partners who determinefirm values and policies, their audit supervisorsperhaps vying to maximize engagement profitabilityin their quest for a partner appointment, and individualemployees who are unsure where the ethicallines of an audit should be drawn all face normativeand instrumental choices as they make audit-relateddecisions in a fiercely competitive marketplace(Imhoff, 2003).’’ Beasley and Hermanson (2004,p. 12) note that under these present conditions ‘‘topmanagers and other employees can rationalize certainquestionable behaviors that subsequently escalateinto outright fraud.’’ They cite a number of‘‘gray zone’’ behaviors that are ‘‘not completelyacceptable, but not clearly inappropriate’’ that rangefrom boosting revenues through special paymentterms to ‘‘pressuring customers to accept ordersbefore the end of an accounting period, bill and holdschemes, private side agreements, and even bookingrevenues that do not exist (Beasley and Hermanson,2004, p. 12)’’
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