General Discussion
The purpose of this paper was to develop a new measurement instrument for assessing leader
empowering behaviors. The first study, the elicitation study, revealed eight conceptually distinct
categories of leader empowering behaviors. We then constructed an instrument to measure each
of these behavioral categories and validated it in several organizations. The initial empirical
investigation of the reliability and factor structure of the new instrument supported a five-factor
model. A third study was conducted to cross-validate the results for the new instrument and
relate it to two well-established leader behavior instruments.