Traditionally new products and concepts were developed and went to market within organization boundaries in a
so called closed innovation, which progressed to a new era of looking outside the boundaries of organizations by
‘leveraging external sources of technology and innovation to drive internal growth’ (Chesbrough, 2003) that also
fosters spin-off and outsourcing of unused intellectual properties in a so called open innovation, (Chesbrough, 2003;
Tidd, 2006).