The bacterial
mixtures culture (A3, equivalent to 108 CFU/mL) was grown
overnight in YA broth
The control treatment consisted of the same
set-up as the experimental treatment but without the addition of
bacterial cells. Bioremediation was determined by measuring the
time required for 100 mL of 5 mM urea and 25 mM calcium chloride
to pass through the column
The experiment was performed
at room temperature (25 ◦C) and run for 3 d. After the experiment ended, the effluent samples were collected from the bottom of the column with 100 mL of distilled water
The concentrations of heavy
metals in the effluent samples were determined by ICP-OES.