For m* = 5-20, synchronization is 1:1 (periodic flow) prior to galloping.
For m* = 5, the synchronization during galloping is quite different from 1:3. Along ‘increasing Re’, the entire galloping branch of
m* = 5 cylinder is quasi-periodic. However, along ‘decreasing Re’, it is mostly quasi-periodic and it is periodic for Re≤190. An
1:3 sub-harmonic synchronization is seen for the m* = 10 and 20 cylinders only in the periodic regime of galloping occurring at higher Re. For m *= 1, only one kink is seen in the response curve signifying transition from initial to lower branch. Two kinks
are captured for m* = 5 cylinder. For m*= 10 and 20, an additional third kink is resolved in the galloping branch that signifies
transition from quasi-periodic flow/body motion to periodic flow/body motion.