As warm, humid air is cooled while flowing through the pipes, vapour condenses on the cooler pipe walls. Sensible and latent heat from the humid air is transferred from the pipe and accumulates in the surrounding soil. The resulting condensation rate along a pipe depends on the inlet properties of the airflow, soil, and the pipe configuration. To obtain the best irrigation yield, the design of the pipe system and operation must be determined with respect to the local climate and the specified crop.