The subjects in this study consisted of 149 undergraduate Taiwanese ESL learners from two large comprehensive universities in Taiwan. The subjects consisted of evening students majoring in English as well as daytime students majoring in Foreign Languages (where English is the major), Natural Sciences, Fine Arts, Music, History, Geography, etc. Of the 149 subjects that began the study, 108 completed the study fully. Table 2 shows the four experimental conditions and the number of subjects randomly assigned to each, and Table 3 summarizes the demographics of the participants.