The quality was assessed using 10 randomly selected Chinese kale plants from each plot by estimating % leaf area damaged by pest using 0 - 5 scale [0 - no apparent damage; 1 - minor feeding damage (1% leaf area eaten); 2 - minor-moderate feeding damage (2 - 5% leaf area eaten); 3 - moderate damage (6 - 10% leaf area eaten); 4 - moderate-heavy damage (11 - 30% leaf area eaten); and 5 - heavy damage (> 30% leafarea eaten)] (Greene et al.,1969).