In actual practice, however, the cost of both molasses and feed as carbon sources limits their use. However, rice bran, which is a by-product from rice processing plants, is a cheap carbon source, and it can be a potential carbohydrate source for use in BFT systems. Rice bran contains high levels of carbohydrates (39.75%) and proteins (12%), and has a low ash content (8.7%). In addition, low levels of lignin are present in this product (NRC, 2011)