SBE is a discarded palm oil refinery (POR) waste containing a high percentage of residual oil (∼20–40%) (Aziz et al., 2001 and Loh et al., 2006). Disposal of SBE by incineration, inclusion in animal feeds, land filling method or concrete manufacturing is generally practiced. Currently in Malaysia, the most common practice is disposal at landfills – causing fire and pollution hazards due to the degradation of the residual oil in it, and the associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions upon its disposal. In Japan, SBE has been incinerated for cement manufacturing but there is difficulty in maintaining good cement quality due to the high concentration of oil in SBE (Park et al., 2004). In the near future, incineration or landfill disposal will probably become impossible due to a stricter environmental regulatory restriction, lack of new dump sites and most importantly, the release of GHG to the atmosphere at landfills.