Modernisation is a term from social science about moving from traditional societies to modern ones. Typically, modern ones are about urbanisation and industrialisation.
Westernisation is about the adoption of "Western" values in areas like industry, rule of law, democratic politics, capitalist economics and (maybe) cultural choices and even language.
So, what countries have urbanised and industrialised without adopting capitalist economies and democracy.
Germany, 1920s-1930s: moved away from democracy, retained capitalism
USSR, 1910s-1980s: neither capitalism nor democrcy
China: 1990s: capitalism but not democracy
India: 1970s: democracy but not capitalism [1]
There are, it seems, many paths to modernisation, and were I a leader in a Developing Nation, I'd be very interested in learning more about the Chinese model before rushing to Westernise.
[1] originally misread 1990. Corrected thanks to Shibanshu Mukhopadhyay. See comments for what I mean by "not capitalism"
Modernisation is a term from social science about moving from traditional societies to modern ones. Typically, modern ones are about urbanisation and industrialisation.
Westernisation is about the adoption of "Western" values in areas like industry, rule of law, democratic politics, capitalist economics and (maybe) cultural choices and even language.
So, what countries have urbanised and industrialised without adopting capitalist economies and democracy.
Germany, 1920s-1930s: moved away from democracy, retained capitalism
USSR, 1910s-1980s: neither capitalism nor democrcy
China: 1990s: capitalism but not democracy
India: 1970s: democracy but not capitalism [1]
There are, it seems, many paths to modernisation, and were I a leader in a Developing Nation, I'd be very interested in learning more about the Chinese model before rushing to Westernise.
[1] originally misread 1990. Corrected thanks to Shibanshu Mukhopadhyay. See comments for what I mean by "not capitalism"
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