Importantly, the same measures of children’s persistence,
activity, and distractibility have been combined into a
task orientation factor in a previous research (˛ = .94; Mobley &
Pullis, 1991). Finally, a study of Finnish children found that their
task orientation in preschool was positively correlated with their
word-reading skill when they were in the first grade one year later
(Salonen, Lepola, & Niemi, 1998).