In the case of the deposition of YSZ thin electrolyte layers, YSZ nanoparticles are dispersed in an organic suspension medium, such as ethanol, acetylacetone, or iodine-dissolved acetylacetone, instead of water, to avoid the detrimental effect of water electrolysis on the quality of deposited film. Positive charges are developed on the YSZ particles due to the presence of some residual water.