Vietnam, a southeast Asian country, is located downstream of some major rivers, so Vietnam has a vast river network. Although the quality of upstream river water is generally good, the downstream sections of major rivers reveal poor water quality, and most of the lakes and canals in urban areas have become sewage sinks. Many residents of Vietnam have wondered about the causes of water pollution, and many researchers have studied it. Accordingly, the two main causes of water pollution in Vietnam were the weakness in industrial wastewater management and the lack of civic awareness.