melting point of the bagasse ash. Spongy particles absorb the water
used to mix the concrete, which decreases the functionality of concrete
compared with that of concrete mixed with spherical fly ash
particles.
The particle size distribution curves of the original and ground
bagasse ash are shown in Fig. 4. The mean particle size of the original
bagasse ash was 23 lm. After grinding, the bagasse ash had a
mean particle size of 10 lm; the fraction of particles retained on a
45-lm sieve (No. 325) was 2.8%. The ground bagasse ash had a specific
gravity of 2.2, which is lower than 3.14, the specific gravity of
Type I Portland cement.
3.2. Chemical compositions of materials
Based on an assessment of the chemical compositions listed in
Table 2, it follows that the SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3 content of ground
bagasse ash comprises more than 70% of the overall material composition.
Note that the proportion of SiO2 in bagasse ash is 64.88%,
suggesting that bagasse ash contains a high content of important
oxides suitable for a pozzolanic material.
The loss on ignition (LOI) content of ground bagasse ash is
rather high at 8.16%, which close to the limit of 10% specified by
the ASTM C 618 standard for class N pozzolan [12]. Other pozzolanic
materials, such as rice husk ash have LOIs that can be as high as
66% [13]. However, the LOI of the ash decreases when the calcination
temperature increases. Ganesan et al. [4] used bagasse ash
with a LOI of 4.9% and found that this did not significantly affect
the compressive strength of the concrete. For classified fly ash,
LOI content increased the water demand of fresh concrete [14].
However, effects of LOI of bagasse ash on the properties of concrete
have not been published.
3.3. Properties of fresh concrete
The control concrete (35CT) did not need superplasticizer to
maintain the slump of fresh concrete at values between 150 and
200 mm. However, concretes containing ground bagasse ash
required superplasticizer to maintain the specified slump (see
Table 3). When the replacement of cement by ground bagasse
ash was increased in proportion, the concrete needed more
melting point of the bagasse ash. Spongy particles absorb the waterused to mix the concrete, which decreases the functionality of concretecompared with that of concrete mixed with spherical fly ashparticles.The particle size distribution curves of the original and groundbagasse ash are shown in Fig. 4. The mean particle size of the originalbagasse ash was 23 lm. After grinding, the bagasse ash had amean particle size of 10 lm; the fraction of particles retained on a45-lm sieve (No. 325) was 2.8%. The ground bagasse ash had a specificgravity of 2.2, which is lower than 3.14, the specific gravity ofType I Portland cement.3.2. Chemical compositions of materialsBased on an assessment of the chemical compositions listed inTable 2, it follows that the SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3 content of groundbagasse ash comprises more than 70% of the overall material composition.Note that the proportion of SiO2 in bagasse ash is 64.88%,suggesting that bagasse ash contains a high content of importantoxides suitable for a pozzolanic material.The loss on ignition (LOI) content of ground bagasse ash israther high at 8.16%, which close to the limit of 10% specified bythe ASTM C 618 standard for class N pozzolan [12]. Other pozzolanicmaterials, such as rice husk ash have LOIs that can be as high as66% [13]. However, the LOI of the ash decreases when the calcinationtemperature increases. Ganesan et al. [4] used bagasse ashwith a LOI of 4.9% and found that this did not significantly affectthe compressive strength of the concrete. For classified fly ash,LOI content increased the water demand of fresh concrete [14].However, effects of LOI of bagasse ash on the properties of concretehave not been published.3.3. Properties of fresh concreteThe control concrete (35CT) did not need superplasticizer tomaintain the slump of fresh concrete at values between 150 and200 mm. However, concretes containing ground bagasse ashrequired superplasticizer to maintain the specified slump (seeTable 3). When the replacement of cement by ground bagasseash was increased in proportion, the concrete needed more
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