Massage therapy seems to be a well-researched field of therapy within CAMs. However, there are key knowledge gaps in the literature that need to be addressed. Further research is required to unpack the “black box” of massage therapy, as there is ambiguity on the operational definition of massage therapy. Various systematic reviews defined and searched for many different types and modalities of massage, with some discussing massage techniques as a separate modality and some considering massage therapy as part of a suite of interventions. This variability extended to massage therapy parameters such as dosage, duration, and intervention protocols. There is a scarcity of data on the cost-effectiveness of massage therapy for the treatment of nonspecific low back pain. As there is currently a dearth of high-quality/low risk of bias primary research on the effectiveness of massage for the treatment of nonspecific low back pain, further research, such as RCTs, with sound methodological rigor, are required. While there are a number of systematic reviews investigating the effectiveness of massage therapy for nonspecific low back pain, the mechanism underlying its action remains elusive. While physiological and psychotherapeutic models have been proposed, the precise mechanism of action continues to be debated, requiring ongoing further research.