The fermentation was performed in 500 mL flasks which contained 300 mL of the aforementioned hydrolysate inoculated with 10% (v/v) of the inocula prepared above.
The static culture was maintained at 24 C, for 48 h.
During the reaction, aliquots were withdrawn, centrifuged at 10,000 g for 10 min to yield cell-free supernatants.
The concentrations of sugars and the produced ethanol were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) using method described above.
The ethanol yield (g EtOH/g sugar) = final ethanol concentration produced/overall concentration of mono sugar consumed. The conversion efficiency (%) = ethanol yield/theoretical maximum ethanol yield.
The theoretical maximum ethanol yield used is 0.51 g EtOH/g sugar).