The DNA-immobilized membranes weighing 3.5 mg each were
first incubated with 1 mL of 1.5 mg/mL bovine serum albumin,
shaken at 300 rpm for 6 h at room temperature in an Eppendorf tube
(Protein LoBind) in order to reduce the non-specific binding. After
incubation, the membranes were repeatedly washed with distilled
water (each sample: 2 mL × 5 for 10 × 5 min) to remove the traces of
unbound albumin. Each membrane was then incubated with 0.5 mL
of 10 g/mL antibody solution for 3 h in an ice bath (around 4 ◦C)
on a mechanical shaker (500 rpm) in an Eppendorf tube (Protein
LoBind). After incubation, the membranes were removed, and the