forms of demonstrating understanding (Wiggins & McTighe, 2005). Finally,
the designer plans the instructional experience to provide for the learning.
Through the process of using backwards design, a designer might consider
various design questions: What are the essential learning outcomes we
want for all students? What are the big ideas being taught? How do the new
understandings associate with student background knowledge? How are
students going to demonstrate these learning outcomes? How are we going
to measure success? What are the barriers to achieving these learning outcomes?
How do we provide for the desired learning outcomes and overcome
these barriers? Thus, by starting backwards, districts and teachers can begin
a thoughtful process of instructional design.