In contrast, many animals com-
pletely avoid freezing in winter, and antifreeze proteins are often
involved in this ability. For example, freeze-avoiding larvae of the
Alaskan beetle Cucujus clavipes routinely supercool to −40 ◦ C in
winter, and when exposed to especially cold temperatures further
adapt to avoid freezing to as low as −100 ◦ C while vitrifying at
temperatures near −70 ◦ C by means of cryoprotective dehydration,
antifreeze proteins and glycolipids, and high molar concentrations
of glycerol as well
as numerous other mechanisms.