It is essential to guarantee the safety of unprocessed plants and food supplements if consumers’ health is
to be protected. Although botanicals and their preparations are regulated at EU level, at least in part,
there is still considerable discretion at national level, and Member States may choose to classify
a product either as a food supplement or as a drug. Accurate data concerning the finished products and
the plant used as the starting point are of major importance if risks and safety are to be properly
assessed, but in addition standardized criteria for herbal preparation must be laid down and respected
by researchers and manufacturers. Physiologically active as well as potentially toxic constituents need
to be identified, and suitable analytical methods for their measurement specified, particularly in view of
the increasing incidence of economically motivated adulteration of herbal raw materials and extracts. It
remains the duty of food operators to keep up with the scientific literature and to provide sufficient
information to enable the adaptation of specifications, sampling schemes and analytical methods to
a fast-changing environment.