Type of collaboration maintained with scientific institutions in Spain In relation to the types of collaboration (Table 2), con- ference attendance was over 50% only for researchers involved in social and legal sciences and humanities. Likewise, cooperation in joint research projects in this area reached a similar level. In all areas, the levels of other collaborations were well below this figure and these low percentages mainly concerned cooperation with the aim of conducting research projects, making joint publications and increasing the levels of conference attendance. Health sciences researchers ranked third for these types of collaboration, with low percentages of 23.9%, 13.6% and 14.8%, respectively.