districts of the Limpopo Province. Monywaneng village is situated 30 km north-west of the city of Polokwane, and Ga-Sekgopo 80 km north east of Polokwane (Figure 1). These two villages were selected as representatives of both peri-urban (Monywaneng) and rural (Ga-Sekgopo), thus covering the socio-economic spectrum of communi- ties that rely on their surrounding vegetation for their livelihood.