Lumbar disability was scored using the Oswestry
disability index (ODI). The ODI consists of 10 items: pain
intensity, personal management, lifting, walking, sitting,
standing, sleeping, sexual activity (if applicable), social
activity, and traveling. All the items are scored from 0 to
5, where 0 means no inconvenience in the patient’s performance
and 5 means severe inconvenience. Lower scores
indicate lower physical ability; the reliability of the ODI is
r = 0.9116).
Lumbar disability was scored using the Oswestrydisability index (ODI). The ODI consists of 10 items: painintensity, personal management, lifting, walking, sitting,standing, sleeping, sexual activity (if applicable), socialactivity, and traveling. All the items are scored from 0 to5, where 0 means no inconvenience in the patient’s performanceand 5 means severe inconvenience. Lower scoresindicate lower physical ability; the reliability of the ODI isr = 0.9116).
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