According to other recent studies, substantial energy efficiency gains and CO2 reductions are
possible in railfreight [RSSB 2007], shipping [International Committee for Clean Transportation 2007] and airfreight [ACARE 2008] operations. A 'super-eco ship' designed by the Japanese shipping line NYK, which could be in service by 2030, would have a carbon footprint per container 69% lower than the average container ship afloat today. This drastic reduction in carbon intensity would be achievedmainly by a combination of hull redesign and the use of fuel cells, solar panels and sails. The potential also exists to reduce CO2 emissions per traffic unit in aviation by 40-50% by 2020, through fuselage redesign, advances in engine technology and improved air traffic control [ACARE 200].