At the same time, management also included other aspects. For
example, the government faced the threatening storm surges, for
which engineering actions were taken, i.e., the building and
maintenance of the seawalls. In the 16e19th centuries, with the
seaward expansion of the areas of the coastal salt industry and
agriculture, the risks of natural disasters on the Jiangsu coast was
enhanced, increasing significantly the vulnerability of coastal human
society. Hence, to protect the coastal areas, the salt production
in particular, became an important aspect of coastal management.