Introduction
For a generation Burma languished behind closed doors. Then suddenly, in
the summer of 1988, the doors burst open as angry protests were violently
put down by the security forces and the chilling scenes made headline
news around the world. 'In-depth pieces' reported on the political and civil
repression that had been going on for years. But there was little
examination then, and there has been little since, of the targeted repression
which had been going on, and is continuing, against whole groups of
people - Burma's ethnic minority groups.
Burma is a country of proud cultural and historic traditions, and it is rich
in natural resources. But nearly half a century of conflict has left Burma
with a legacy of deep-rooted problems and weakened its ability to cope
with a growing host of new ones: economic and social collapse; hundreds
of thousands of refugees and displaced people; environmental
degradation; narcotics; and AIDS. These problems touch on the lives of all
Burmese citizens. But it is members of ethnic minority groups who have
suffered the most, and who have had even less say over their lives and the
destiny of their peoples than the majority 'Burmans'. Many minorities
claim that a policy of 'Burmanisation' is manifest. Amidst the upheavals,
gross human rights abuses have been committed, including the
conscription, over the years, of millions into compulsory labour duties, the
ill-treatment or extrajudicial executions of ethnic minority villagers in
war-zones, and the forcible relocation of entire communities.
In 1985, Anti-Slavery International (ASI) was the first non-Burmese
organisation to raise issues of concern to Burma's ethnic minorities at the
United Nations (UN).
1
In March 1987, in response to growing reports of an
alarming catalogue of human rights abuses by the Burma Socialist
Programme Party (BSPP) government, ASI sponsored the visit to Europe
of a delegation from the ethnic minority Karen National Union (KNU).
This was the first time since Burma's independence in January 1948 that
an ethnic minority delegation from one of Asia's most war-torn countries
had entered such an international forum. While in Europe, the KNU
delegation was able to meet with officials of the UN Commission on
Human Rights in Geneva and the Foreign Affairs Committee of the British
House of Commons