Results GI hemorrhage is now classified as upper, middle,
and lower GI bleeding. Upper GI bleeding is defined as
hemorrhage originating from the oropharynx to the ligament
ofTreitz (or papilla ofVater),middleGI bleeding occurs distal
to the papilla of Vater to the terminal ileum, and lower GI
bleeding is defined as bleeding distal to the ileocecal valve,
including the entire colon and anorectum. Endoscopic methods
used to diagnosed and treat GI bleeding include esophagogastroduodenoscopy,
duodenoscopy, capsule endoscopy double- and single-balloon enteroscopy, spiral enteroscopy,
and colonosocopy