Following the classification (Table 6), three (3) active emotion-regulation strategies as
compared to seven (7) for the passive strategies were identified. However, the passive strategies
such as “Wish that the situation would go away or somehow be over with”, “Hope a miracle
will happen” and “Have fantasies or wishes about how things might turn out” are less
relevant to be deployed in a tutoring system environment. This is because of the nature of
these strategies, that is, they are passive actions (merely hoping and wishing) which do not
help much to improve students’ sense of learning awareness and self-control over their learning
events. Thus, these strategies are difficult to be implemented in a self-regulated tutoring
system