Russia is a country of cultural contradictions. Not only is it a very big country, covering nine time zones, the upheavals of the 1990s have created a very pronounced generational gap. Generally, the older generations are marked by a tendency towards conservatism and have a group mentality. The younger generations are much more dynamic and progressive, with a more individualist approach.
There is a general sense of pessimism not only about the future but also about the present as well. Russia is a country that considers itself isolated from the rest of the world, surrounded by neighbours who want to take advantage of it. This has created a fortress mentality – outsiders are not trusted. This is in contrast to the extensive hospitality normally shown to visitors.
Russians are often very closed and formal in public, but open, warm and informal in private. In communication, Russians tend to be direct and do not avoid confrontation. They can be extremely emotional and yet reserved in the same meeting.
Russians generally consider themselves to be culturally rich in terms of art and literature. Dusha (soul) is an important consideration – this means that intellectual, abstract discussions are common. Knowledge of “high culture” is valued, and the ability to talk about works of art and literature is appreciated.
Russia is a meeting of Europe and Asia, and their cultural portrait reflects this.