The related mechanisms for these effects of LAB may include
producing microbicidal substances with effects against gastrointestinal pathogens and other
harmful microbes, competing with pathogens for binding sites on the intestinal epithelial
cell surface and mucin as well as stimulating the immune system. In this review, the
characteristics of LAB and their probiotic effects in newborn piglets, weaned piglets,
growing pigs and sows are documented.