The questionnaire consisted of five areas of work conditions: opportunities, supplies, job activities, information, and support. Each section of the questionnaire contained questions with two Likert type scales. One of the scales addressed how nurses perceive their work environment now with a scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 5 (a lot). The second scale addressed what type of work environment would they like, with the scale ranging from 1 (less than I have now) to 5 (much more than I have now). The instrument was developed by the theorist, Kanter (1977), and had no established reliability or validity. similar geographic location
The Conditions for Work Effectiveness Questionnaire (Chandler, 1987) was used to obtain data on nurses’ perceptions of access to Kanter’s (1977) four work empowerment structures: opportunity, information, support, and resources (see Appendix B). This established instrument was developed by Chandler based on the components of Kanter’s original study of work empowerment. This 31-item instrument is self administered and contains four subscales related to the four work empowerment structures.