Perceived pain intensity (Myles et al., 1999) and control over pain (Haythornthwaite et al., 1998) were measured as indicators for the experience of pain. Perceived pain intensity was measured using a VAS ranging from 0 (‘At the moment, I am in no pain’) to 100 (‘At the moment, I am in the most intense pain possible’). Perceived control over pain was measured using the item ‘I had the feeling that I was in control of the pain,’ which was rated on a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 0 to 5, with low values indicating low control over pain and high values indicating high control.