Cocoa is the major natural source of the xanthine theobro- mine. Compared with coffee and tea, cocoa and chocolate products have much lower content of caffeine and only traces of theophylline. The level of methylxanthines in cocoa beans depends on varietal type and is influenced by the fermentation process (Niemenak et al., 2006). Of the various cocoa compounds, theobromine and caffeine would appear to be the most likely to have some psycho-pharmacological activity. Two doubleblind,
placebo-controlled human trials which measured the effects of cocoa powder and methylxanthines found in 50 g of dark chocolate on cognitive performance and mood (Smit et al.,2004) showed the changes in mood and behavior, including feeling more energetic, increased motivation to work, and increased alertness. Besides psycho-pharmacological effects, methylxanthines of cocoa products particularly theobromine,
and to a lesser extent caffeine, may have a role in lowering plasma glucose (Sarria et al., 2014).
Cocoa is the major natural source of the xanthine theobro- mine. Compared with coffee and tea, cocoa and chocolate products have much lower content of caffeine and only traces of theophylline. The level of methylxanthines in cocoa beans depends on varietal type and is influenced by the fermentation process (Niemenak et al., 2006). Of the various cocoa compounds, theobromine and caffeine would appear to be the most likely to have some psycho-pharmacological activity. Two doubleblind,placebo-controlled human trials which measured the effects of cocoa powder and methylxanthines found in 50 g of dark chocolate on cognitive performance and mood (Smit et al.,2004) showed the changes in mood and behavior, including feeling more energetic, increased motivation to work, and increased alertness. Besides psycho-pharmacological effects, methylxanthines of cocoa products particularly theobromine,and to a lesser extent caffeine, may have a role in lowering plasma glucose (Sarria et al., 2014).
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