Experiment 7:
Candy Making
(Hard-Crack Stage,
300 °F)
Purpose
This experiment demonstrates
(1) the chemistry
of candy making and
(2) the effect of temperature on the texture of candies.
Materials
• shallow baking pan (8x8x2 inch)
• heavy duty aluminum foil
• oil spray
• 435 grams (about 2 1/8 cups) sugar
•1/2 cup light corn syrup
•1/2 cup water
• 2-quart saucepan or 1000 mL beaker
• candy thermometer
• stove (for saucepan) or hot plate (for beaker)
• food color
• 1/2 teaspoon oil flavoring
• spatula
Procedure
1. Line an 8x8x2 inch pan with heavy duty aluminum
foil, extending foil over the
edges of the pan. Oil the pan lightly.
2. Combine sugar, corn syrup, and water in a 2-quart
saucepan or a 1000 mL beaker. Place a candy thermometer
in the pan. The thermometer should not
touch the bottom of the pan or beaker. Stir the
mixture over high heat until it boils.
3. Reduce heat to medium. Continue cooking over
medium heat. Do not stir the mixture while it is
cooking. When the syrup reaches 260 °F, add food
color. Do not stir; boiling action will incorporate
color into the syrup. Remove from heat precisely
at 300 °F. Remove thermometer.
4. Once boiling has stopped, add flavoring. Pour
syrup quickly but carefully into prepared pan.
(CAUTION: mixture is very hot.) Let it stand for
5 minutes.
5. Using a broad spatula, mark candy surface in 1/2
inch squares. Retrace previous lines and press the
spatula deeper each time until you can press the
spatula to the bottom of the pan.
6. Cool completely. Use foil to lift candy out of the
pan. Break candy into squares and store in plastic
bags.
Variation: You can use plastic molds for hard candy
or lollipops. Lightly oil the molds before pouring the
hot mixture. Twist the lollipop stick to make sure it is
covered with the syrup. Let lollipops cool until hardened
before removing from molds.
5
Notes
Sucrose, or table sugar, and other sugars are the main
ingredients in candy. Sucrose is made of two simple
sugars, glucose and fructose, that are bound together.
Sugar crystals are solid at room temperature. When
sugar crystals are dissolved in water, the sugar goes
into solution. At a particular temperature, water can
dissolve only a certain amount of a particular sugar.
The solution reaches the point where no more sugar
can be dissolved, and extra sugar will just sink to the
bottom. This point is called the saturation point.
Heating the sugar/water solution increases the
amount of sugar that can be dissolved. The heat causes
the crystals to break into smaller molecules. The
sugar molecules move faster and farther apart,
enabling the solution to dissolve more and more sugar
molecules. The solution turns into a clear sugar syrup.
As you add more sugar,
Experiment 7:
Candy Making
(Hard-Crack Stage,
300 °F)
Purpose
This experiment demonstrates
(1) the chemistry
of candy making and
(2) the effect of temperature on the texture of candies.
Materials
• shallow baking pan (8x8x2 inch)
• heavy duty aluminum foil
• oil spray
• 435 grams (about 2 1/8 cups) sugar
•1/2 cup light corn syrup
•1/2 cup water
• 2-quart saucepan or 1000 mL beaker
• candy thermometer
• stove (for saucepan) or hot plate (for beaker)
• food color
• 1/2 teaspoon oil flavoring
• spatula
Procedure
1. Line an 8x8x2 inch pan with heavy duty aluminum
foil, extending foil over the
edges of the pan. Oil the pan lightly.
2. Combine sugar, corn syrup, and water in a 2-quart
saucepan or a 1000 mL beaker. Place a candy thermometer
in the pan. The thermometer should not
touch the bottom of the pan or beaker. Stir the
mixture over high heat until it boils.
3. Reduce heat to medium. Continue cooking over
medium heat. Do not stir the mixture while it is
cooking. When the syrup reaches 260 °F, add food
color. Do not stir; boiling action will incorporate
color into the syrup. Remove from heat precisely
at 300 °F. Remove thermometer.
4. Once boiling has stopped, add flavoring. Pour
syrup quickly but carefully into prepared pan.
(CAUTION: mixture is very hot.) Let it stand for
5 minutes.
5. Using a broad spatula, mark candy surface in 1/2
inch squares. Retrace previous lines and press the
spatula deeper each time until you can press the
spatula to the bottom of the pan.
6. Cool completely. Use foil to lift candy out of the
pan. Break candy into squares and store in plastic
bags.
Variation: You can use plastic molds for hard candy
or lollipops. Lightly oil the molds before pouring the
hot mixture. Twist the lollipop stick to make sure it is
covered with the syrup. Let lollipops cool until hardened
before removing from molds.
5
Notes
Sucrose, or table sugar, and other sugars are the main
ingredients in candy. Sucrose is made of two simple
sugars, glucose and fructose, that are bound together.
Sugar crystals are solid at room temperature. When
sugar crystals are dissolved in water, the sugar goes
into solution. At a particular temperature, water can
dissolve only a certain amount of a particular sugar.
The solution reaches the point where no more sugar
can be dissolved, and extra sugar will just sink to the
bottom. This point is called the saturation point.
Heating the sugar/water solution increases the
amount of sugar that can be dissolved. The heat causes
the crystals to break into smaller molecules. The
sugar molecules move faster and farther apart,
enabling the solution to dissolve more and more sugar
molecules. The solution turns into a clear sugar syrup.
As you add more sugar,
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