Here LW are the Liftshitz–van der Waals interactions , H are the
polar interactions and x, y are the interacting phases.
The interfacial strength can also be quantified from the thermodynamical
work of adhesion (WA) between the two interacting
phases. WA was related to surface tension components of the two
interacting phases by Owens and Wendt [10,13,25]. WA is taken
as the geometric mean of the polar and the nonpolar interactions
given by the following equation