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So, a person with type 1 treats the disease by taking insulin injections.
This outside source of insulin now serves as the “key” -- bringing glucose to the body’s cells.
The challenge with this treatment is that it’s often not possible to know precisely how much insulin to take. The amount is based on many factors, including:
Food
Exercise
Stress
Emotions and general health
Balancing Act
These factors fluctuate greatly throughout every day. So, deciding on what dose of insulin to take is a complicated balancing act.
If you take too much, then your body burns too much glucose -- and your blood sugar can drop to a dangerously low level. This is a condition called hypoglycemia, which, if untreated, can be potentially life-threatening.
If you take too little insulin, your body can again be starved of the energy it needs, and your blood sugar can rise to a dangerously high level -- a condition called hyperglycemia. This also increases the chance of long-term complications.