In this regard, over the last decade, the developments of culture-independent approaches have allowed additional insights into the diversity of antimicrobial compounds and antibiotic resistance genes from different environments. Basically, culture-independent analyses are based on molecular methods, including the extraction, amplification, sequencing, and analysis of nucleic acids from environmental samples. Among these, the metagenomics approach has revolutionized knowledge about the vast majority of not-yet-culturable microbial communities. This idea, coined by Handelsman et al. (1998), briefly consists of direct or indirect DNA extraction from a microbial community in its natural habitat, bypassing microbial isolation, and traditional culturing methods.