Conceptually, the WHO definition of active ageing is comprised of three key pillars,
participation, health and security, which are believed to be critical in encouraging people to
remain active and independent as they age. In defining the participation pillar, the WHO (2002,
pp. 51-52) includes lifelong learning, paid and unpaid work. The central health pillar focuses on
achieving and maintaining good heath in later life, tapping into aspects of both physical and
mental health. The security pillar refers to safety, and is described as ensuring the “protection,
safety and dignity of older people by addressing the social, financial and physical security rights
and needs of people as they age” (WHO, 2002, p.52). The active ageing framework highlights
the inter-connectedness of participation, health and security, emphasising how these issues
intertwine to determine the quality of the ageing experience. Importantly, the WHO encouraged
nations to utilise this framework to identify and address the needs of their ageing population
within the context of their own unique cultures and values.