There has been a rapidly growing interest in Paenibacillus spp. since many were shown to be important[19][20][21] for agriculture and horticulture (e.g. P. polymyxa), industrial (e.g. P. amylolyticus), and medical applications (e.g. P. peoriate). These bacteria produce various extracellular enzymes such as polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and proteases, which can catalyze a wide variety of synthetic reactions in fields ranging from cosmetics to biofuel production. Various Paenibacillus spp. also produce antimicrobial substances that affect a wide spectrum of micro-organisms[22][23][24] such as fungi, soil bacteria, plant pathogenic bacteria and even important anaerobic pathogens as Clostridium botulinum.
More specifically, several Paenibacillus species serve as efficient plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR competitively colonize plant roots and can simultaneously act as biofertilizers and as antagonists (biopesticides) of recognized root pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi and nematodes.[25] They enhance plant growth by several direct and indirect mechanisms. Direct mechanisms include phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, degradation of environmental pollutants and hormone production. Indirect mechanisms include controlling phytopathogens by competing for resources such as iron, amino acids and sugars, as well as by producing antibiotics or lytic enzymes.[26][27] Competition for iron also serves as a strong selective force determining the microbial population in the rhizosphere. Several studies show that PGPR exert their plant growth-promoting activity by depriving native microflora of iron. Although iron is abundant in nature, the extremely low solubility of Fe3+ at pH 7 means that most organisms face the problem of obtaining enough iron from their environment. To fulfill their requirements for iron, bacteria have developed several strategies, including (i) the reduction of ferric to ferrous ions, (ii) the secretion of high-affinity iron-chelating compounds, called siderophores, and (iii) the uptake of heterologous siderophores. P. vortex's genome for example,[28] harbors many genes which are employed in these strategies, in particular it has the potential to produce siderophores under iron limiting conditions.
Despite the increasing interest in Paenibacillus spp. genomic information of these bacteria is lacking. More extensive genome sequencing could provide fundamental insights into pathways involved in complex social behavior of bacteria, and can discover a rich source of genes with biotechnological potential.
Candidatus Paenibacillus glabratella is causing white nodules and high mortalities of Biomphalaria glabrata freshwater snails.[29] This is potentially important because Biomphalaria glabrata is an intermediate host transmitting schistosomiasis.[29]
มีความสนใจ Paenibacillus ออกซิเจนเติบโตเร็วเนื่องจากหลายคนที่แสดงเป็น สำคัญ [19] [20] [21] เพื่อการเกษตร และพืชสวน (เช่น P. polymyxa), อุตสาหกรรม (เช่น P. amylolyticus), และโปรแกรมประยุกต์ทางการแพทย์ (เช่น P. peoriate) แบคทีเรียเหล่านี้ผลิตเอนไซม์สารต่าง ๆ เช่น polysaccharide ลดเอนไซม์ proteases ซึ่งสามารถกระตุ้นปฏิกิริยาสังเคราะห์ตั้งแต่เครื่องสำอางเพื่อผลิตเชื้อเพลิงชีวภาพที่หลากหลาย ออกซิเจน Paenibacillus ต่าง ๆ ยังผลิตสารต้านจุลชีพที่มีผลต่อความหลากหลายของจุลินทรีย์ [22] [23] [24] เช่นเชื้อรา แบคทีเรียดิน แบคทีเรียก่อโรคพืช และเชื้อโรคไม่ใช้ออกซิเจนที่สำคัญแม้เป็นเชื้อ Clostridium botulinumMore specifically, several Paenibacillus species serve as efficient plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR competitively colonize plant roots and can simultaneously act as biofertilizers and as antagonists (biopesticides) of recognized root pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi and nematodes.[25] They enhance plant growth by several direct and indirect mechanisms. Direct mechanisms include phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, degradation of environmental pollutants and hormone production. Indirect mechanisms include controlling phytopathogens by competing for resources such as iron, amino acids and sugars, as well as by producing antibiotics or lytic enzymes.[26][27] Competition for iron also serves as a strong selective force determining the microbial population in the rhizosphere. Several studies show that PGPR exert their plant growth-promoting activity by depriving native microflora of iron. Although iron is abundant in nature, the extremely low solubility of Fe3+ at pH 7 means that most organisms face the problem of obtaining enough iron from their environment. To fulfill their requirements for iron, bacteria have developed several strategies, including (i) the reduction of ferric to ferrous ions, (ii) the secretion of high-affinity iron-chelating compounds, called siderophores, and (iii) the uptake of heterologous siderophores. P. vortex's genome for example,[28] harbors many genes which are employed in these strategies, in particular it has the potential to produce siderophores under iron limiting conditions.
Despite the increasing interest in Paenibacillus spp. genomic information of these bacteria is lacking. More extensive genome sequencing could provide fundamental insights into pathways involved in complex social behavior of bacteria, and can discover a rich source of genes with biotechnological potential.
Candidatus Paenibacillus glabratella is causing white nodules and high mortalities of Biomphalaria glabrata freshwater snails.[29] This is potentially important because Biomphalaria glabrata is an intermediate host transmitting schistosomiasis.[29]
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..