At the same time, the political reforms and democratic processes which originated in the mid 1980s from within the Communist party and which were aimed at reducing the power of the bureaucratic apparatus through wider participation of the people, such as glasnost, democratization and limited entrepreneurial activities, produced a growing sense of disillusionment among the people (Silverman and Yanowitch 2000). Increased freedom of expression brought the Communist party and the state under severe critique, and the state and party bureaucrats became a target for popular ire. Multiple cases of corruption by communist officials were exposed, as well as the multi-level system of privileges and of restricted access to services and goods which the communist functionaries enjoyed. At the same time, although very careful at first, attempts to start theoretical discussions about the effectiveness of the socialist economy surfaced. These analytical attempts to assess the benefits of market economy became more serious and less ideologically inclined under the conditions of a deteriorating command economy of the Soviet Union (Hoffman 2003).
At the same time, the political reforms and democratic processes which originated in the mid 1980s from within the Communist party and which were aimed at reducing the power of the bureaucratic apparatus through wider participation of the people, such as glasnost, democratization and limited entrepreneurial activities, produced a growing sense of disillusionment among the people (Silverman and Yanowitch 2000). Increased freedom of expression brought the Communist party and the state under severe critique, and the state and party bureaucrats became a target for popular ire. Multiple cases of corruption by communist officials were exposed, as well as the multi-level system of privileges and of restricted access to services and goods which the communist functionaries enjoyed. At the same time, although very careful at first, attempts to start theoretical discussions about the effectiveness of the socialist economy surfaced. These analytical attempts to assess the benefits of market economy became more serious and less ideologically inclined under the conditions of a deteriorating command economy of the Soviet Union (Hoffman 2003).
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