In a study conducted by the CRC, researchers studied the impact of fuel sulfur and catalyst age on 14 vehicles. The 14 vehicles included 12 California-certified LEV to SULEV vehicles and 2 European vehicles (16). Each vehicle was evaluated using 3 fuels (5, 30 and 150 ppm sulfur), using as-received and aged catalysts. The two European vehicles were tested over the NEDC European test cycle on each of the fuel/catalyst configurations.
The results from the study showed that for the FTP cycle, fleet average NOx emissions were higher at a statistically significant level for the 150 ppm sulfur fuel compared with both the 5 and 30 ppm sulfur fuels. Fleet average NMHC emissions were higher at statistically significant levels for the 150 ppm fuel compared with the 30 ppm sulfur fuel, although the magnitude of this fuel effect was small. The effects of fuel sulfur on both fleet average NMHC and NOx emissions were found to be statistically significant over the US06 cycle, although a statistically significant vehicle by fuel interaction was also found for NMHC. A pair-wise comparison showed that fuels with 5, 30 and 150 ppm sulfur were all different from one another at a statistically significant level for both fleet average NOx and NMHC emissions over the US06 cycle. The magnitude of the fuel sulfur effects over the US06 for NMHC and NOx was also found to be larger on a relative basis than those found for the FTP cycle (16). Included in this CRC study were two early SULEV and PZEV models from Honda (2000 Honda Accord SULEV) and Nissan (2001 Nissan Sentra-CA PZEV). FTP emission results from these two vehicles are summarized in Figure 14 for the three different gasoline sulfur levels used in this program. The Accord SULEV shows some degradation of NOx emission performance and the Sentra PZEV shows degradation in NMHC emission performance as fuel sulfur levels were ncreased from 5 to 150 ppm. Sulfur deactivation was observed on these very low emission vehicles despite the very high precious metal content of the catalysts used on these first generation SULEV/PZEV vehicles.
ในการศึกษาโดย CRC วิจัยศึกษาผลกระทบของเชื้อเพลิงกำมะถันและเศษอายุบนยานพาหนะที่ 14 รถยนต์ 14 รวม 12 รับรองแคลิฟอร์เนียลิฟเย SULEV ยานพาหนะและรถยนต์ยุโรป 2 (16) พาหนะถูกประเมินโดยใช้ 3 เชื้อ (5, 30 และ 150 ppm กำมะถัน), สิ่งที่ส่งเสริม รับเป็น และอายุการใช้ รถยนต์ยุโรป 2 ได้ทดสอบผ่านวงจรทดสอบยุโรป NEDC ในแต่ละค่าเชื้อเพลิง/เศษThe results from the study showed that for the FTP cycle, fleet average NOx emissions were higher at a statistically significant level for the 150 ppm sulfur fuel compared with both the 5 and 30 ppm sulfur fuels. Fleet average NMHC emissions were higher at statistically significant levels for the 150 ppm fuel compared with the 30 ppm sulfur fuel, although the magnitude of this fuel effect was small. The effects of fuel sulfur on both fleet average NMHC and NOx emissions were found to be statistically significant over the US06 cycle, although a statistically significant vehicle by fuel interaction was also found for NMHC. A pair-wise comparison showed that fuels with 5, 30 and 150 ppm sulfur were all different from one another at a statistically significant level for both fleet average NOx and NMHC emissions over the US06 cycle. The magnitude of the fuel sulfur effects over the US06 for NMHC and NOx was also found to be larger on a relative basis than those found for the FTP cycle (16). Included in this CRC study were two early SULEV and PZEV models from Honda (2000 Honda Accord SULEV) and Nissan (2001 Nissan Sentra-CA PZEV). FTP emission results from these two vehicles are summarized in Figure 14 for the three different gasoline sulfur levels used in this program. The Accord SULEV shows some degradation of NOx emission performance and the Sentra PZEV shows degradation in NMHC emission performance as fuel sulfur levels were ncreased from 5 to 150 ppm. Sulfur deactivation was observed on these very low emission vehicles despite the very high precious metal content of the catalysts used on these first generation SULEV/PZEV vehicles.
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In a study conducted by the CRC, researchers studied the impact of fuel sulfur and catalyst age on 14 vehicles. The 14 vehicles included 12 California-certified LEV to SULEV vehicles and 2 European vehicles (16). Each vehicle was evaluated using 3 fuels (5, 30 and 150 ppm sulfur), using as-received and aged catalysts. The two European vehicles were tested over the NEDC European test cycle on each of the fuel/catalyst configurations.
The results from the study showed that for the FTP cycle, fleet average NOx emissions were higher at a statistically significant level for the 150 ppm sulfur fuel compared with both the 5 and 30 ppm sulfur fuels. Fleet average NMHC emissions were higher at statistically significant levels for the 150 ppm fuel compared with the 30 ppm sulfur fuel, although the magnitude of this fuel effect was small. The effects of fuel sulfur on both fleet average NMHC and NOx emissions were found to be statistically significant over the US06 cycle, although a statistically significant vehicle by fuel interaction was also found for NMHC. A pair-wise comparison showed that fuels with 5, 30 and 150 ppm sulfur were all different from one another at a statistically significant level for both fleet average NOx and NMHC emissions over the US06 cycle. The magnitude of the fuel sulfur effects over the US06 for NMHC and NOx was also found to be larger on a relative basis than those found for the FTP cycle (16). Included in this CRC study were two early SULEV and PZEV models from Honda (2000 Honda Accord SULEV) and Nissan (2001 Nissan Sentra-CA PZEV). FTP emission results from these two vehicles are summarized in Figure 14 for the three different gasoline sulfur levels used in this program. The Accord SULEV shows some degradation of NOx emission performance and the Sentra PZEV shows degradation in NMHC emission performance as fuel sulfur levels were ncreased from 5 to 150 ppm. Sulfur deactivation was observed on these very low emission vehicles despite the very high precious metal content of the catalysts used on these first generation SULEV/PZEV vehicles.
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