The argument about learning and performance is crucial in human resource development studies. As Holton (2000)
said, “I cannot imagine a life without learning, nor can I imagine one without performance. The challenge for the HRD
profession is to ensure that neither one becomes a tool for oppression but rather elevates human potential” (Holton,
2000, p.64).
In the following sections, we explore each workplace learning type in relation to task and contextual performance.
Workplace learning involves continuous interactions among formal, informal and incidental learning and provides a
context for solving business problems and improving performance (S. Y. Moon & S. I. Na, 2009).