A 2 × 2 multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to compare the scores. MANOVA is a statistical test procedure for comparing multivariate means of several groups. It is used when there are two or more dependent variables. It helps to answer : 1. do changes in the independent variable(s) have significant effects on the dependent variables; 2. what are the interactions among the dependent variables and 3. among the independent variables. The significance level adopted for this study was set at α < .05, and for all statistical calculations, version 18.0 of SPSS software was used