Reducing the sodium intake from the high
to the intermediate level reduced the systolic blood
pressure by 2.1 mm Hg (P<0.001) during the control
diet and by 1.3 mm Hg (P=0.03) during the DASH diet.
Reducing the sodium intake from the intermediate
to the low level caused additional reductions of
4.6 mm Hg during the control diet (P<0.001) and
1.7 mm Hg during the DASH diet (P<0.01). The effects
of sodium were observed in participants with
and in those without hypertension, blacks and those of
other races, and women and men. The DASH diet was
associated with a significantly lower systolic blood
pressure at each sodium level; and the difference was
greater with high sodium levels than with low ones. As
compared with the control diet with a high sodium
level, the DASH diet with a low sodium level led to a
mean systolic blood pressure that was 7.1 mm Hg
lower in participants without hypertension, and 11.5
mm Hg lower in participants with hypertension
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