Considering the estimated digestible nutrient intake, the cows fed the TMF and TMF-1 as the roughage source in the current study had higher (P < 0.05) nutrient digestibility (CP and ADF) than cows fed the PS with rice straw. The estimated energy intake, in terms of megacalories per day and megacalories per kilogram of DM was signifi cantly higher (P < 0.05) in cows fed the TMF and TMF-1 than those cows fed the PS.