From a total of 253 farmers previously identified in a
participatory community appraisal and household survey,
76 were selected randomly and participated voluntarily in
the survey, and all of them signed a consent to participation
form. We also conducted an observational study to
validate the application of the questionnaire; because most
interviews were conducted when smallholders were working,
we were able to observe farmers’ attitudes and
practices.
Mann–Whitney test was used for ordinal or multinomial
qualitative input variables and binomial outcome variables.
w-square test was used for dichotomic variables. An error
of 5% was considered.