The universalisation of particular liberal
and democratic rights is no small achievement
in an area of the world which was so
frequently engulfed in systemic war, and it
suggests that one should not be overly pessimistic
about the prospects for postnational
citizenship elsewhere, specifically
given recent developments in international
criminal law. Those who are suspicious of
efforts to attach citizenship to associations
other than the nation-state would be right to
emphasise the democratic deficit in the
Europe Union and correct to stress that the
development of transnational democracy is
improbable in the absence of strong attachments
to a nation or demos. Even so, notions of cosmopolitan citizenship which stress the
rights of human beings in a ‘universal state
of humanity’ perform a dual function. They
mark some progress in the view that states
have responsibilities to protect the legal
rights of all human beings, irrespective of
their nationality or citizenship, and they
make significant inroads into the state’s
claim to be the sole subject of international
law. Approaches to cosmopolitan citizenship
which defend the sphere of cosmopolitan
rights assert that individuals, considered
as human beings rather than citizens, have
sound claims to possess international legal
personality.
The universalisation of particular liberaland democratic rights is no small achievementin an area of the world which was sofrequently engulfed in systemic war, and itsuggests that one should not be overly pessimisticabout the prospects for postnationalcitizenship elsewhere, specificallygiven recent developments in internationalcriminal law. Those who are suspicious ofefforts to attach citizenship to associationsother than the nation-state would be right toemphasise the democratic deficit in theEurope Union and correct to stress that thedevelopment of transnational democracy isimprobable in the absence of strong attachmentsto a nation or demos. Even so, notions of cosmopolitan citizenship which stress therights of human beings in a ‘universal stateof humanity’ perform a dual function. Theymark some progress in the view that stateshave responsibilities to protect the legalrights of all human beings, irrespective oftheir nationality or citizenship, and theymake significant inroads into the state’sclaim to be the sole subject of internationallaw. Approaches to cosmopolitan citizenshipwhich defend the sphere of cosmopolitanrights assert that individuals, consideredas human beings rather than citizens, havesound claims to possess international legalpersonality.
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