The vast majority of mobile operators have adopted the so-called SIM-rental model for their wallets. In
this model third parties are charged a fee for applications that are carried on the NFC SIMs that are
used to support their wallet services. However, third parties have been resistant to the SIM-rental
model, particularly when they feel they own the customer relationship, as is the case with banks and
many merchants. The SIM-rental fees charged by operators are not made public, but those operators
should certainly avoid being too aggressive, particularly given that some wallet providers (Google, for
example) do not impose charges on third parties for participating in their digital wallets.